Technical Support Center
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Rubber air spring is commonly known as air spring, pneumatic bladder, air bag, etc. It is a precision-designed rubber nylon bellows using inert gas (such as air, nitrogen, etc.) as the elastic medium. The air spring itself does not provide force or support load. It is a non-metallic spring that injects compressed air into a flexible closed container and uses the compressibility of air to achieve elastic effects. Air springs can be roughly divided into two categories: bladder type and diaphragm type. The bladder type air spring is designed into single layer, double layer and triple layer according to the needs. Two air springs can also be superimposed when needed; diaphragm air springs are There are two types: constrained membrane type and free membrane type. Air springs have excellent elastic properties. When used in vehicle suspension devices, they can greatly improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle, thereby significantly improving driving comfort. Therefore, air springs are widely used in automobiles and railway rolling stock. In addition, because air springs have many advantages compared with ordinary steel springs, they are also used in presses, shears, compressors, centrifuges, vibrating conveyors, vibrating screens, air hammers, and food machinery.
Characteristics of rubber air springs
Can be used for a long time. The deformation of the rubber membrane is small when the bladder air spring expands and contracts, so it has excellent durability.
Maintenance is extremely easy. There are no sliding parts and no oil supply is required.
Safety height can be lowered. Compared with other springs, the installation height can be lowered and a larger stroke can be obtained.
The spring constant is soft. It can gently bear larger loads and has unparalleled anti-shock effect.
Spring output force can be changed. The spring output force can be varied within a wide range by changing the internal pressure.
Height controllable. If used together with a height regulating valve, a certain height can always be maintained even if the load changes.
Has an attenuating effect. If the auxiliary air tank and throttle valve are used together, excellent attenuation effect can be obtained and the resonance amplitude can be reduced.
Easy to install.
Use medium
The air spring can be filled with compressed air, nitrogen or water. If water is used to fill the air spring, an anti-rust layer must be added to protect the end cover. If the air spring is filled with liquid, the following characteristics are achieved:
Reduce the volume of gas inside the air spring, thereby increasing the natural frequency of the air spring.
Since water is an incompressible medium, accurate positioning can be achieved.
Use temperature
The use temperature range of standard industrial rubber air springs: -40℃～+60℃.
According to the needs of different working environments, different types of rubber are used with a use temperature range of: -25℃～+90℃.
Working pressure
1. Most standard industrial rubber air springs have a working pressure of 0.5MPa;
2. The maximum operating pressure does not exceed 0.7MPa;
3. The maximum pressure of multi-layer rubber air springs exceeds 1.25MPa;
4. Experimental data show that the maximum bursting pressure (allowed for use) is greater than 2.0MPa;
5. The bursting pressure of a standard rubber air spring should be 2.5 times the normal operating pressure. For example, if the normal operating pressure is 0.5MPa, the bursting pressure value is set to 1.25MPa. If used according to this value, it is relatively safe. Please note that the bursting pressure of a rubber air spring decreases with the increase in the number of bends, which is determined by two factors: the maximum elongation height and the internal pressure at this height.
High limit
During use, in order to prevent the air spring end plate from being pulled off by exceeding the maximum stroke height allowed, the air spring must be limited to the highest position during installation and use. The main functions are two aspects: one is to extend the service life of the air spring, and the other is to prevent the curled metal plate from being torn, so that the edge of the air spring is detached from the curled metal plate. The high limit can be achieved in a variety of ways, such as: chain, control cable, metal block mechanical limit, etc.
Low limit
During use, in order to prevent the air spring from being damaged by exceeding the lowest allowable position, the air spring must be limited to the lowest position during installation and use. If the external lower limit is not used, you can inform Eurasian Rubber in advance to use the internal rubber buffer to complete the lower limit.
Maximum allowable use pressure
The maximum safe pressure for air springs is 0.7Mpa. Exceeding this pressure may cause the air spring to explode, endangering the safety of human life and property. If you want to use a working pressure greater than 0.7MPa, you need to replace the rubber air spring with a special skeleton layer. The installation and use must be carried out under the guidance of Eurasian Rubber.
Twisting is strictly prohibited
Twisting of air springs is strictly prohibited. The upper and lower connecting lines must be kept parallel or vertical during installation. (If misaligned connection is required, please ask Eurasian Rubber for help.)
Angular deviation and axial deviation
Air springs are allowed to have a certain angle (≤25°) of angular deviation during installation, but cannot be used at the same time as axial deviation. Air springs are allowed to have a certain (≤10mm) axial deviation in a short period of time. Long-term use of axial deviation is strictly prohibited. For specific use, please consult our technical department.
Precautions for use
1. Please control the stroke of the air spring within the maximum stroke range allowed by the product. For specific parameter information, please refer to the product catalog.
2. If the action height of the air spring exceeds the maximum height, the upper and lower panels will be separated from the rubber body, and the internal air will leak rapidly, which is very dangerous. Therefore, some blocks must be installed.
3. Please control the commonly used maximum internal pressure of the air spring within the internal pressure range allowed by the product (see the product performance table for specific information). To ensure long-term use, it is recommended to control the commonly used internal pressure within 0.6MPa. In addition, for self-sealing air springs, when the internal pressure is too low, it may not be able to maintain sufficient sealing performance. Therefore, please control the internal pressure to more than 0.2MPa as much as possible.
4. Please pay attention to avoid the air spring from colliding with other objects during the action. For specific data, please refer to the minimum installation space value of the product.
5. If the air spring may be scratched due to contact with metal sheets, etc., it must be covered with iron plates to prevent damage to the air spring.
6. Air springs adhering to oil will affect durability, please be careful to avoid it.
7. Please control the ambient temperature of the air spring within the range of -40℃~80℃, otherwise the durability of the air spring will be reduced. If the working temperature exceeds the recommended operating temperature, please communicate with Eurasia Rubber Company before use.
8. If the volume of the auxiliary gas tank is too large, please handle it in accordance with relevant regulations and pay attention.
9. When the air spring is extended to near the maximum height, do not release the internal pressure quickly. Otherwise, the rubber membrane may be concave and the waist ring may fall off. Therefore, the minimum internal pressure must be maintained at 1kgf/cm2 at this time.
10. When applying internal pressure to the air spring, be sure to install it on the machine before doing so. If the internal pressure is applied in a free state, the upper and lower panels may slip or even fall off, which is very dangerous.
11. If the air spring is compressed to near the minimum height and the internal pressure is released for a long time, it will deform, so please pay attention.
Storage
1. When storing the air spring, please store it in a low-temperature dark place with poor ventilation as much as possible, and avoid direct sunlight.
2. Avoid oil and chemicals on the air spring. If left unattended after being stained, the durability may be reduced due to the reduction of the physical properties of the rubber.
3. The wall thickness of the air spring is relatively thin, about 5mm. Please be careful to avoid scratches, etc.
4. It is ideal to store the air spring in a free state.
5. Do not place it in a place with a temperature above 50°C.
Maintenance and inspection
For air springs, daily inspection and safe use must be carried out. If abnormalities are found after inspection, they must be replaced with new ones immediately.
1. Before using the air spring, it is necessary to confirm whether the upper and lower panels and waist rings are installed correctly, especially the waist ring. If internal pressure is applied to the rubber membrane when the waist ring is offset or detached, the rubber membrane will rupture.
2. If impurities, oils, chemicals, etc. adhere to the air spring, be sure to clean them.
3. If lubricating oil enters the inside of the air spring, it must be wiped frequently and the inside of the air spring must be washed regularly.
4. Please confirm whether the appropriate pressure can be provided during use, especially in many cases, the piping system may be abnormal, please pay attention.
5. Please replace the air spring in the following cases.
• The outer rubber layer has cracks, scratches, and wear that can reach the reinforcing cord layer.
• The air spring is abnormally deformed or expanded. Even if there is no external damage, air will accumulate inside the air spring, resulting in separation.
• The rubber surface expands or cracks due to oil, chemicals, heat, etc.
6. If the upper and lower panels and waist rings are corroded, the air spring will be scratched. Therefore, the corroded parts must be replaced.